The CBSE (Central Board of Secondary Education) syllabus covers a broad range of subjects for students from Class 9 to Class 12, with a focus on academic development and overall knowledge enhancement. The syllabus is designed to provide a solid foundation for higher education and competitive exams. Below is an overview of the key subjects and their main topics for Classes 9 to 12 under the CBSE curriculum:
1. Basic Biology
Genetics: Mendel’s laws, monohybrid and dihybrid crosses, and sex determination.
Chromosomes: Structure, DNA, and genes.
2. Plant Physiology
Photosynthesis: Process, factors affecting it, and importance.
Transpiration: Mechanism, factors affecting it, and significance.
Absorption by Roots: Mechanism and importance of osmosis and active transport.
3. Human Anatomy and Physiology
Circulatory System: Heart structure, blood vessels, blood composition, and circulation.
Excretory System: Structure and functions of kidneys, urine formation.
Nervous System: Structure and functions of the brain, spinal cord, and reflex action.
Sense Organs: Eye and ear structure and functions.
Endocrine System: Glands, hormones, and their functions.
Reproductive System: Structure and functions in males and females, menstrual cycle, and fertilization.
4. Population
Population Growth: Causes and effects.
Birth and Death Rates: Factors affecting them.
5. Ecology and Environment
Ecosystem: Components and types.
Conservation of Natural Resources: Importance of forests, water, and energy conservation.
Pollution: Types, causes, effects, and control measures.
Practical Work
Study of plant and animal specimens.
Experiments on photosynthesis and respiration.
Identification of tissues and microscopic structures.
Preparation of slides (e.g., onion peel, cheek cells).
The ICSE Biology syllabus combines theoretical understanding with practical skills, ensuring a well-rounded education and preparing students for advanced studies in science and biology-related fields.
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